{"id":870,"date":"2018-01-18T21:04:14","date_gmt":"2018-01-18T19:04:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/?p=870"},"modified":"2022-07-31T10:47:39","modified_gmt":"2022-07-31T08:47:39","slug":"harari-dusunce-ve-teknigin-iliskisi-uzerine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2018\/01\/18\/harari-dusunce-ve-teknigin-iliskisi-uzerine\/","title":{"rendered":"Harari, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve Tekni\u011fin \u0130li\u015fkisi \u00dczerine"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Pasaj\u0131n beni etkileyen ana fikri basit: nas\u0131l g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan\u0131, bilinci ve genel olarak canl\u0131lar\u0131n zihnini bilgisayar biliminde oldu\u011fu gibi algoritmalarla i\u015fleyen bir mekanizma olarak tasarl\u0131yorsak (herkes b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmese de, kimi geek&#8217;ler ve baz\u0131 n\u00f6robilimciler b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler de ge\u00e7mi\u015fte insana, zihne ve bedene dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00fcretirken kendi d\u00f6nemlerinin teknik ve bilimsel geli\u015fmelerini \u00f6rnek alm\u0131\u015flar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yan\u0131l\u0131yor olabiliriz. \u00c7ok berrak bir \u015fekilde, Freud&#8217;dan ikn\u00e2 edici ve neredeyse dokunsal (tactile) bir \u00f6rnekle a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 Harari. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.korotonomedya.net\/kor\/index.php?id=21,33,0,0,1,0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ulus&#8217;un and\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>, Marx&#8217;a atfetti\u011fi, Feuerbach \u00dczerine Tezler&#8217;de ge\u00e7en fakat asl\u0131nda Marx&#8217;\u0131n Feuerbach&#8217;dan al\u0131nt\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m &#8220;Bir kul\u00fcbede bir saraydakinden farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.&#8221; al\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ak\u0131verdi, bir derste hep bir hoca \u00f6rnek verirdi. Her ne kadar direkt bu konuyla de\u011fil de ideoloji tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ilgili olsa da, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi g\u00f6relile\u015ftirme ve zaman-mekanla ili\u015fkilendirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Sonunda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler toplumsal, tarihsel ve co\u011frafiler. Fakat \u00f6te yanda bir de bu g\u00f6receliliklere ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere tutunma gereksinimi var.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"872\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2018\/01\/18\/harari-dusunce-ve-teknigin-iliskisi-uzerine\/yuval-noah-harari-homo-deus\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/yuval-noah-harari-homo-deus.png?fit=585%2C868&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"585,868\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"yuval noah harari &amp;#8211; homo deus\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/yuval-noah-harari-homo-deus.png?fit=585%2C868&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-872 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/yuval-noah-harari-homo-deus.png?resize=202%2C300\" alt=\"\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/yuval-noah-harari-homo-deus.png?resize=202%2C300&amp;ssl=1 202w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/yuval-noah-harari-homo-deus.png?w=585&amp;ssl=1 585w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/>&#8220;Belki de ya\u015fambilimlerinin meseleye yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda sorun vard\u0131r. Ya\u00ad\u015fambilimlerinin temel varsay\u0131m\u0131, ya\u015fam\u0131n veri i\u015flemekten ibaret ve t\u00fcm organizmalar\u0131n da hesap yap\u0131p kararlar veren makineler oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Ancak organizmalar ve algoritmalar aras\u0131ndaki bu benzetmenin bizi yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirme ihtimali y\u00fcksektir . 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda biliminsanlar\u0131 beyni ve zihni buhar- makinesine benzetirdi. Buhar makinesini se\u00e7tiler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00f6nemin en ileri teknolojisi olan bu maki\u00adneler trenleri, gemileri ve fabrikalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu; hayat\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama\u00adya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar da beynin benzer ilkelere g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsay\u0131yordu. Zihin ve beden, bas\u0131n\u00e7 yarat\u0131p tahliye ederek hareket ve i\u015f \u00fcreten borular, silindirler, vanalar ve pistonlar gibi alg\u0131lan\u0131yordu. Freudcu psikoloji \u00fczerinde bile derin etkileri olan bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle psikoloji jargonu bug\u00fcn hala makine m\u00fchendisli\u011fi kavramlar\u0131yla doludur.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eu Freudcu tezi inceleyelim: &#8220;Ordular sald\u0131rganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6r\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in cinsel d\u00fcrt\u00fcden yararlan\u0131r. Ordu cinsel d\u00fcrt\u00fcleri tavan yapm\u0131\u015f gen\u00e7 erkekleri toplar. Askerlerin cinsel ili\u015fkiye girerek t\u00fcm o bas\u0131n\u00adc\u0131 azaltma f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayarak gerilimin i\u00e7lerinde birikmesine neden olur. Daha sonra bu birikmi\u015f bas\u0131nc\u0131 yeniden y\u00f6nlendirir ve bu bas\u0131nc\u0131n askeri sald\u0131rganl\u0131k olarak d\u0131\u015favurumunu sa\u011flar.&#8221; Bu\u00adhar makineleri de tam olarak bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Buhar\u0131 kapal\u0131 bir kazana hapsedersiniz. Buhar gittik\u00e7e daha \u00e7ok bas\u0131n\u00e7 biriktirir ve vanay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p bas\u0131nc\u0131 \u00f6nceden belirlenmi\u015f bir y\u00f6nde tahliye etti\u011finiz\u00adde amac\u0131n\u0131za ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olursunuz. Bu benzetme sadece ordular i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir, g\u00fcndelik hayatta pek \u00e7ok sebeple i\u00e7imizin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u00addan ve biraz &#8220;de\u015farj olmazsak&#8221; patlayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan bahsederiz.<\/p>\n<p>21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda insan psikolojisini buhar makineleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u00admak epey \u00e7ocuk\u00e7a ka\u00e7ar. Bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve geli\u015fmi\u015f tek\u00adnolojilere sahibiz, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla insan psikolojisini bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen bir buhar makinesi yerine veri i\u015fleyen bir bilgisayar olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yo\u00adruz. Ne var ki bu analoji de zaman i\u00e7inde bir \u00f6nceki kadar naif ka\u00adlabilir. Sonu\u00e7ta bilgisayarlar\u0131n zihni yok. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m hatalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kahrolmuyor ya da bask\u0131c\u0131 rejimler t\u00fcm \u00fclkedeki web a\u011f\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etti\u011finde, eri\u015fime kapat\u0131lan internetin can\u0131 yanm\u0131yor. O halde neden bilgisayarlar\u0131 zihni anlamak i\u00e7in bir model olarak al\u0131yoruz?<\/p>\n<p>Bilgisayarlar\u0131n duyular\u0131 ve istekleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahiden emin mi\u00adyiz? \u015eimdilik bunlara sahip olmasalar da yeterince karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda bilin\u00e7 geli\u015ftirebilirler mi? E\u011fer bunlar ihtimal dahilindeyse bu s\u00fcreci nas\u0131l anlayabiliriz? Otob\u00fcs \u015fof\u00f6rlerimizin, \u00f6\u011fretmenleri\u00admizin, psikolo\u011fumuzun yerine ge\u00e7tiklerinde, duygular\u0131 olan bilgi\u00adsayarlar m\u0131 yoksa sadece ak\u0131ls\u0131z algoritmalar m\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l ay\u0131rt edebilece\u011fiz?<\/p>\n<p>Konu insanlar oldu\u011funda, bilin\u00e7li zihinsel deneyimleri bilin\u00e7siz beyin aktivitelerinden ay\u0131rabiliyoruz. Bilinci anlamaya hala fersah fersah yolumuz olsa da biliminsanlar\u0131 bilincin baz\u0131 elektrokimya\u00adsal izlerini belirlemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Biliminsanlar\u0131 bir \u015feyin bilincin\u00adde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 beyan eden insanlara inanabileceklerini varsayarak koyuldular bu yola. Bu varsay\u0131ma dayanarak, insanlar bilin\u00e7li ol\u00adduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdiklerinde beyinde beliren, bilin\u00e7siz anlardaysa asla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmayan belirli kal\u0131plar\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebildiler.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sayede bitkisel hayatta olan bir hasta bilincini tamamen mi yitirdi, yoksa sadece bedeni ve konu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerindeki hakimiyeti\u00adni mi kaybetti, art\u0131k belirlenebiliyor. Hasta, beyni bilin\u00e7 belirtileri g\u00f6steren kal\u0131plar sergiliyorken konu\u015fam\u0131yor ya da hareket edemi\u00adyor olsa bile muhtemelen bilinci yerindedir. \u00d6yle ki k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce doktorlar fMRI g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme tekniklerinden faydalanarak bu tip hastalarla ileti\u015fim kurmay\u0131 da ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Yaln\u0131zca &#8220;evet&#8221; ya da &#8220;hay\u0131r&#8221;la yan\u0131tlanabilecek sorular sorarak, hasta &#8220;evet&#8221; demek is\u00adtiyorsa tenis oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hayal etmesini, &#8220;hay\u0131r&#8221; cevab\u0131 vermek is\u00adtiyorsa da evini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesini istediler. Hastan\u0131n motor korteksleri ayd\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda &#8220;evet,&#8221; uzamsal bellekle alakal\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler harekete ge\u00e7ti\u011findeyse &#8220;hay\u0131r&#8221; cevab\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlediler. (7)<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcm bunlar insanlar i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, konu bilgisayarlara geldi\u00ad\u011finde durum ne olur? Silikon tabanl\u0131 bilgisayarlar, karbon tabanl\u0131 insan sinir a\u011f\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 yap\u0131lara sahip oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bilincin insandaki izleri benzerlik g\u00f6stermeyebilir. Bir k\u0131s\u0131rd\u00f6ng\u00fcye girmi\u015f gibiyiz. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n bilincinde olduklar\u0131 beyan\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru var\u00adsayarak insan bilincinin izlerini belirliyor ve bunun da insanlar\u0131n bilin\u00e7li oldu\u011funun &#8220;kan\u0131t\u0131&#8221; oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Peki yapay bir zeka da kendi bilinci oldu\u011funu beyan etti\u011finde ona da hemen inan\u00admal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131z?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Yuval Noah Harari, Homo Deus: Yar\u0131n\u0131n K\u0131sa Bir Tarihi, \u00e7ev. Poyzan Nur Taneli, Kolektif Kitap, 2016, s.127-9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pasaj\u0131n beni etkileyen ana fikri basit: nas\u0131l g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde insan\u0131, bilinci ve genel olarak canl\u0131lar\u0131n zihnini bilgisayar biliminde oldu\u011fu gibi algoritmalarla i\u015fleyen bir mekanizma olarak tasarl\u0131yorsak (herkes b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmese de, kimi geek&#8217;ler ve baz\u0131 n\u00f6robilimciler b\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler de ge\u00e7mi\u015fte insana, zihne ve bedene dair d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler \u00fcretirken kendi d\u00f6nemlerinin teknik ve bilimsel geli\u015fmelerini \u00f6rnek alm\u0131\u015flar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2018\/01\/18\/harari-dusunce-ve-teknigin-iliskisi-uzerine\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Harari, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve Tekni\u011fin \u0130li\u015fkisi \u00dczerine<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,38],"tags":[237,236,234,136,235],"class_list":["post-870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alinti","category-psikanaliz","tag-algoritma","tag-bilinc","tag-homo-deus","tag-sigmund-freud","tag-yuval-noah-harari"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9WYIs-e2","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":951,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2018\/02\/15\/yuval-noah-harari-insan-gelecekte-olacak-mi-wef-ceviri\/","url_meta":{"origin":870,"position":0},"title":"Yuval Noah Harari &#8211; \u0130nsan Gelecek(te) Olacak M\u0131? [WEF] &#8211; (\u00c7eviri)","author":"yalpertem","date":"15 February 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Yine yar\u0131m bir \u00e7eviri, fakat \u00e7evirirken bir noktada bunu YouTube'da \u00e7evirmi\u015f olan var m\u0131d\u0131r diye bakt\u0131m, varm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6ylesi daha do\u011fru, az hak yiyen bir yol zaten. Oradan da izlenebilir, benden iyi \u00e7evirmi\u015flerdir kesin. Burada da \u00e7evirdi\u011fim kadar\u0131 metin olarak dursun. Bug\u00fcn sizle gelecek hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmak istiyorum, t\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn gelece\u011fi, ya\u015fam\u0131n gelece\u011fi\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;\u00e7eviri&quot;","block_context":{"text":"\u00e7eviri","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/ceviri\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/yuval-noah-harari-will-the-future-be-human-1024x576.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/yuval-noah-harari-will-the-future-be-human-1024x576.jpg?resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/yuval-noah-harari-will-the-future-be-human-1024x576.jpg?resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":175,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/03\/16\/romancinin-romani-j-m-coetzee\/","url_meta":{"origin":870,"position":1},"title":"Romanc\u0131n\u0131n Roman\u0131 &#8211; J. M. Coetzee","author":"yalpertem","date":"16 March 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Romanc\u0131n\u0131n Roman\u0131 olarak \u00e7evrilen bu metni internette \u201cNovelist\u2019s Novel\u201d diye birka\u00e7 kere arat\u0131p bulamay\u0131p, orijinal ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n romandaki yazar\u0131n ad\u0131 olan \u201cElisabeth Costello\u201d oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendim (O zamanlar ya kitaplar\u0131n orijinal adlar\u0131n\u0131n kitab\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyordum ya da o g\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnememi\u015fim). Romanc\u0131n\u0131n Roman\u0131, cesur ve iki yoruma a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7eviri hamlesi,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;genel&quot;","block_context":{"text":"genel","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/genel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/romancinin-romani-jm-coetzee-min-192x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":349,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/10\/07\/nietzsche-filozof-entelektuel-uzerine\/","url_meta":{"origin":870,"position":2},"title":"Nietzsche, Filozof ve Entelekt\u00fcel \u00dczerine","author":"yalpertem","date":"7 October 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\"G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde filozofun geli\u015fmesinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tehlikeler asl\u0131nda o kadar katmerlidir ki, bu meyvenin olgunla\u015fabilece\u011finden ku\u015fku duyuyor insan. Bilimlerin kapsam\u0131 ve in\u015fa ettikleri kule muazzam b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, b\u00f6ylelikle filozofun hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k a\u015famas\u0131nda yorulma ve herhangi bir yerde durup \"uzmanla\u015fma\" olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da artt\u0131; \u00f6yle ki art\u0131k kendi y\u00fcksekli\u011fine, \u00fcstten bak\u0131\u015fa, genel bak\u0131\u015fa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya bak\u0131\u015fa\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;al\u0131nt\u0131&quot;","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/iyinin-ve-kotunun-otesinde-friedrich-nietzsche-182x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":324,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/10\/01\/pearson-zerdust-uzerine\/","url_meta":{"origin":870,"position":3},"title":"Pearson, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft ve Eylem \u00dczerine","author":"yalpertem","date":"1 October 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\"\u00d6ndeyi\u015fte Zerd\u00fc\u015ft\u2019\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa, Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olay\u0131n\u0131n ve ni\u00adhilizmin h\u00fck\u00fcmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ilebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla ya\u015fam\u0131n yasas\u0131 olarak kendini alt etmeyi \u00f6\u011fretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u00d6ncelikle, insan\u0131n bir erek de\u011fil yaln\u0131zca bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmemiz gerekir; hayvanla \u00dcbermensch aras\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir iptir insan; dipsiz bir u\u00e7urumun \u00fczerinde bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc, tehlikeli bir yolculuk.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;al\u0131nt\u0131&quot;","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/kusursuz-nihilist-pearson-nietzsche-204x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":1156,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2018\/04\/22\/nancy-felsefe-ozgurlugun-mantigi\/","url_meta":{"origin":870,"position":4},"title":"Nancy, Felsefe: \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131","author":"yalpertem","date":"22 April 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"\" Bu \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan kimdir? \u0130\u015flemcisi, memuru ya da \"uzman\u0131\" olan kimse yoktur. Her d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede bu \u00f6teki d\u00fc\u00ad\u015f\u00fcnce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr -ve bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, yani onu tartar, onu dener, onu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn s\u0131nav\u0131na sokar. \"Her d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede\" d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u00adn\u00fcr: bu, bir matematik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde bir oyun olabilir, ya da bir politika, teknik,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;al\u0131nt\u0131&quot;","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/jean-luc-nancy-ozgurluk-deneyimi-191x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3379,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2020\/04\/15\/kundera-ironi-uzerine\/","url_meta":{"origin":870,"position":5},"title":"Kundera, Roman ve \u0130roni","author":"yalpertem","date":"15 April 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kundera ironiyi roman t\u00fcr\u00fcne i\u00e7kin bir \u00f6zellik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u0130roniden bahsederken onu bir s\u00f6z sanat\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, genel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak an\u0131yor genelde. Her ne kadar ironi dese de, bahsetti\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m benim kafamda keskin h\u00e2liyle bir ironidense mu\u011flak bir ironi gibi \u00e7\u0131nl\u0131yor. S\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fini o kadar kolay a\u00e7\u0131k etmeyen tevriye'de\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;al\u0131nt\u0131&quot;","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/milan-kundera-roman-sanat%C4%B1-193x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=870"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5147,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/870\/revisions\/5147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=870"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=870"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=870"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}