{"id":430,"date":"2017-11-05T22:50:31","date_gmt":"2017-11-05T20:50:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/?p=430"},"modified":"2021-12-30T00:15:01","modified_gmt":"2021-12-29T21:15:01","slug":"clastres-devlete-karsi-toplum-fikri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/05\/clastres-devlete-karsi-toplum-fikri\/","title":{"rendered":"Clastres, Devlete Kar\u015f\u0131 Toplum Fikri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"431\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/05\/clastres-devlete-karsi-toplum-fikri\/devlete-karsi-toplum-pierre-clastres\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/devlete-karsi-toplum-pierre-clastres.png?fit=530%2C798&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"530,798\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"devlete karsi toplum &amp;#8211; pierre clastres\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/devlete-karsi-toplum-pierre-clastres.png?fit=530%2C798&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-431 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/devlete-karsi-toplum-pierre-clastres.png?resize=199%2C300\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/devlete-karsi-toplum-pierre-clastres.png?resize=199%2C300&amp;ssl=1 199w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/devlete-karsi-toplum-pierre-clastres.png?w=530&amp;ssl=1 530w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/>&#8220;\u0130lkel toplumun temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi, kendisini olu\u015fturan her \u015fey \u00fczerinde mutlak ve eksiksiz bir g\u00fcce sahip olmas\u0131, onu meydana getiren alt gruplardan hi\u00e7birine \u00f6zerklik tan\u0131mamas\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 besleyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u00e7, bilin\u00e7li ve bilin\u00e7siz hareketi toplumun istedi\u011fi s\u0131\u00adn\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ve do\u011frultuda tutmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kabile, gerekirse \u015fiddete ba\u015f\u00advurarak, bireysel, merkezi ve ayr\u0131 bir siyasal iktidar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek bu ilkel toplumsal d\u00fczeni korumaya kararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir. Demek ki ilkel toplum hi\u00e7bir \u015feyi g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rmaz, hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin kendi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin vermez: B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilkel toplum \u00f6nemli hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin kendisini etkilemesine izin vermeksizin sonsuza kadar kendini yinelemek ister.<\/p>\n<p>Bununla birlikte, toplumun denetiminden, bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de olsa ka\u00e7an bir alan, toplumun ancak bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde &#8220;kodlama&#8221; olana\u011f\u0131 buldu\u011fu bir &#8220;ak\u0131m&#8221; vard\u0131r ki, o da n\u00fcfus hareketidir; k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurallarca oldu\u011fu kadar do\u011fal yasalarca da belirlenen, topluma oldu\u011fu kadar biyolojik yap\u0131ya da k\u00f6k salm\u0131\u015f bir ya\u015fam\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, belki de kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir mekanizmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak i\u015fledi\u011fi i\u00e7in toplumsal etkilerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan bir alan s\u00f6z konusudur burada.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130ktisadi bir determinizmin yerine n\u00fcfusa ili\u015fkin bir determinizm koymak, nedenlere \u2013n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2013 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu\u00e7lar \u2013toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin de\u011fi\u015fmesi\u2013 y\u00fcklemek gibi bir niyetimiz olmamakla birlikte, \u00f6zellikle Amerika&#8217;da, n\u00fcfusun toplumsal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, yo\u011funluk art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ilkel toplum \u00fczerindeki sars\u0131c\u0131 \u2013yok edici demiyoruz\u2013 etkisine de\u011finmek zorunday\u0131z. \u0130lkel toplumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesinin temel ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birinin, nispeten s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir n\u00fcfus oldu\u011funu rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u0130lkel toplum modeli ancak n\u00fcfus kalabal\u0131k de\u011filse i\u015fleyebilir. Ya da ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bir toplumun ilkel olabilmesi i\u00e7in fazla kalabal\u0131k olmamas\u0131 gerekir. Ger\u00e7ekten de vah\u015filer d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda dikkati \u00e7eken \u015fey, her biri, ko\u015fullar \u2013\u00f6zellikle de sava\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131\u2013 gerektirdi\u011finde soyda\u015flarla ge\u00e7ici ittifaklar kurmak d\u0131\u00ad\u015f\u0131nda, par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6zenle \u00f6zerkli\u011fini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, say\u0131s\u0131z &#8220;millet&#8221;, kabile, topluma b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f yerel gruplar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kabile d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde atomla\u015fmas\u0131, yerel gruplar\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle toplumsal-siyasal b\u00fct\u00fcnler olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, bunun da \u00f6tesinde, \u00f6z\u00fc itibariyle birle\u015ftirici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olan devletin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u00admas\u0131n\u0131 engellemenin herhalde etkin bir yoludur.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Pierre Clastres, Devlete Kar\u015f\u0131 Toplum, Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00e7ev. Nedim Demirta\u015f &amp; Mehmet Sert, 1991 [1974], s. 170-1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;\u0130lkel toplumun temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi, kendisini olu\u015fturan her \u015fey \u00fczerinde mutlak ve eksiksiz bir g\u00fcce sahip olmas\u0131, onu meydana getiren alt gruplardan hi\u00e7birine \u00f6zerklik tan\u0131mamas\u0131, toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 besleyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u00e7, bilin\u00e7li ve bilin\u00e7siz hareketi toplumun istedi\u011fi s\u0131\u00adn\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde ve do\u011frultuda tutmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kabile, gerekirse \u015fiddete ba\u015f\u00advurarak, bireysel, merkezi ve ayr\u0131 bir siyasal iktidar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/05\/clastres-devlete-karsi-toplum-fikri\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Clastres, Devlete Kar\u015f\u0131 Toplum Fikri<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,144],"tags":[149,145],"class_list":["post-430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alinti","category-antropoloji","tag-devlete-karsi-toplum","tag-pierre-clastres"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9WYIs-6W","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":443,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/08\/vahsi-savascinin-mutsuzlugu-okuma-notlari\/","url_meta":{"origin":430,"position":0},"title":"Vah\u015fi Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Mutsuzlu\u011fu (Okuma Notlar\u0131)","author":"yalpertem","date":"8 November 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"Pierre Clastres, Vah\u015fi Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n Mutsuzlu\u011fu: Siyasal Antropoloji \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Ayr\u0131nt\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00e7ev. 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Foucault'ya adad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Gilles Deleuze \u00f6znellikten bahseder ve \u00f6znele\u015fme ile direni\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirir: \"Ya\u015fam tam da bu g\u00fcce direni\u015f kapasitesi de\u011fil midir?\" (Deleuze, 1988: 77). \u015eunu sorman\u0131n zaman\u0131 geldi diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum: Ya toplum, s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mayan kapitalizmin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerine art\u0131k daha fazla direnemiyorsa? \u00d6znenin\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;al\u0131nt\u0131&quot;","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/gelecekten-sonra-franco-bifo-berardi-208x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":427,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/11\/04\/clastres-1789-devrimi-devlet-ve-kavimkiricilik-uzerine\/","url_meta":{"origin":430,"position":4},"title":"Clastres, 1789 Devrimi, Devlet ve Kavimk\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k \u00dczerine","author":"yalpertem","date":"4 November 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\"1789 Devrimi, Jakobenlerin merkeziyet\u00e7i anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n Jirondenlerin federalist e\u011filimlerine \u00fcst\u00fcn gelmesini sa\u011flayarak, Paris y\u00f6netiminin politik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc peki\u015ftirdi. 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