{"id":2503,"date":"2019-02-19T21:08:33","date_gmt":"2019-02-19T18:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/?p=2503"},"modified":"2022-11-22T22:10:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-22T21:10:32","slug":"baudelaire-elestiri-ne-ise-yarar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2019\/02\/19\/baudelaire-elestiri-ne-ise-yarar\/","title":{"rendered":"Baudelaire, Ele\u015ftiri Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Ele\u015ftiri<\/a> metinlerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ften do\u011fru bir ek.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

“<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ne i\u015fe yarar? Ele\u015ftirmeni, daha ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcme ad\u0131m atmak istedi\u011fi anda ensesinden yakalay\u0131veren kocaman ve korkun\u00e7 bir soru i\u015fareti. Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftiriye kin duymas\u0131n\u0131n ilk gerek\u00e7esi, ele\u015ftirinin burjuvaya hi\u00e7bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretememesidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc burjuvan\u0131n ne resim yapmaya, ne de uyak ko\u015fmaya niyeti vard\u0131r; sanat\u00e7\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyi sanata da bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretememekle su\u00e7lar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ele\u015ftiri zaten sanat\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Oysa, zaman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir\u00e7ok sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 o zavall\u0131 \u00fcnlerini s\u0131rf ele\u015ftiriye bor\u00e7ludur! Belki ele\u015ftiriye y\u00f6neltilebilecek ilk hakiki su\u00e7lama da budur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Gavarni’nin, (5) tuvalin \u00fczerine iki b\u00fckl\u00fcm e\u011filmi\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir ressam\u0131 tasvir eden eserini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fs\u00fcn\u00fczd\u00fcr; arkas\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi, donuk, kaz\u0131k gibi duran, beyaz kravatl\u0131 bir beyefendi, elinde son makalesini tutar. “Sanat soyluysa \u015fayet, ele\u015ftiri kutsald\u0131r.” “Kim demi\u015f bunu?” Ele\u015ftirmenler!” S\u00f6z konusu sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015f tac\u0131 edilmesinin nedeni, ele\u015ftirmenin, o saymakla t\u00fckenmeyen di\u011fer ele\u015ftirmen kitlesinden bir fark\u0131 olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Eserlerin kendisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen ara\u00e7lara ve y\u00f6ntemlere gelince, (*) izleyicilerin ya da sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu konuda buradan \u00f6\u011frenecek hi\u00e7bir \u015feyleri yoktur. Bu i\u015fler at\u00f6lyede \u00f6\u011frenilir, izleyici de sadece sonu\u00e7la ilgilenir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

En iyi ele\u015ftirinin hem e\u011flendirici, hem \u015fiirsel oldu\u011funa i\u00e7tenlikle inan\u0131yorum; her \u015feyi a\u00e7\u0131klama iddias\u0131yla nefretten de tutkudan da yoksun olan, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc duygudan bile isteye kendini ar\u0131nd\u0131ran o so\u011fuk, cebir denklemlerini and\u0131ran ele\u015ftirinin yarar\u0131na inanm\u0131yorum – g\u00fczel bir tablo, bir sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fa oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, en iyi ele\u015ftirinin, ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve duyarl\u0131 bir akl\u0131n tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tablo olabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum tekrar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bir tablo hakk\u0131ndaki en iyi de\u011ferlendirme, bir sone veya bir eleji olabilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ama bu t\u00fcr ele\u015ftiri \u015fiir derlemelerine ve \u015fiir okurlar\u0131na y\u00f6neliktir. Ger\u00e7ek anlamda ele\u015ftiriye gelince, umar\u0131m filozoflar ne s\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fimi anlayacaklard\u0131r: Ele\u015ftiri, nesnesine do\u011fru \u015fekilde odaklanabilmek, yani bir varl\u0131k nedenine sahip olmak i\u00e7in, tarafl\u0131, tutkulu, siyas\u00ee olmal\u0131, yani d\u0131\u015flay\u0131c\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r – tabii bunun, en geni\u015f ufuklar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131 kayd\u0131yla. (6)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ku\u015fkusuz renk kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7izgiyi veya \u00e7izgi be\u011fenisiyle renk be\u011fenisini hangi oranlarda kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonucunu bir tablo olarak veren bu ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hangi gizemli y\u00f6ntemlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini bilemezsiniz. (7)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

O halde iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f bir bireyselcilik, daha geni\u015f bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r: Sanat\u00e7\u0131dan naiflik, mesle\u011finin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla ortaya konmu\u015f i\u00e7ten bir miza\u00e7 ifadesi bekler bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131. (**) Mizac\u0131 olmayan ki\u015fi, tablo yapmaya lay\u0131k de\u011fildir ve -gerek taklit\u00e7ilerden, gerekse eklektiklerden b\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in- miza\u00e7 sahibi bir ressam\u0131n yan\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130leriki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerden birinde bunu kan\u0131tlayaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Art\u0131k sa\u011flam, do\u011fadan \u00e7\u0131karsanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle donanm\u0131\u015f ele\u015ftirmen, \u00f6devini tutkuyla yerine getirmelidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ele\u015ftirmen olmak sizi insan olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karmaz ve tutku, benzer mizaca sahip olanlar\u0131 yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p akl\u0131 yeni y\u00fcksekliklere \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Stendhal bir yerde \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: “Resim sanat\u0131, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir ahl\u00e2k\u00ee de\u011ferler sisteminden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir!” (8) Bu “ahl\u00e2k\u00ee de\u011ferler” ifadesini az \u00e7ok geni\u015f anlamda yorumlasan\u0131z bile, t\u00fcm sanatlar hakk\u0131nda ayn\u0131 \u015fey s\u00f6ylenebilir. Sanatlar, bireyin duygular\u0131, tutkular\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015fleriyle ifade edilmi\u015f g\u00fczel oldu\u011fu, yani birlik i\u00e7indeki \u00e7e\u015fitlilik veya mutla\u011f\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fczleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ele\u015ftiri her zaman metafizi\u011fin k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Her \u00e7a\u011f, her halk kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir g\u00fczellik ve ahl\u00e2k\u00ee de\u011fer ifadesine sahip oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, romantizm de g\u00fczelli\u011fin en son ve en modern ifadesi olarak kabul edilirse, mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve tutkulu ele\u015ftirmenin g\u00f6z\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck sanat\u00e7\u0131, yukar\u0131da \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz naiflik \u015fart\u0131 ile romantizmin en y\u00fcksek derecesini birle\u015ftirebilen ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

“<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

(5) Paul Gavarni diye bilinen Sulpice-Guillame Chevalier (1804-1866), \u00e7ok sayg\u0131 g\u00f6ren bir ressam ve karikat\u00fcristti.
(*) G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ele\u015ftirmenlerinin farkl\u0131 iddialar ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyorum; onlar her zaman koloristlere deseni, desencilere de renkleri \u00f6\u011f\u00fctlemeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecektir. Bu \u00e7ok mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok ince bir be\u011feni sorunudur!
(6) Baudelaire, kesinlikle tarafs\u0131z, hatta bilimsel olmayan, yani ifadesiz kalmayan, “\u00f6znel” bir ele\u015ftiri yan\u0131nda saf tutuyor. Baudelaire’e g\u00f6re, ger\u00e7ek bir ele\u015ftiri tav\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r, tavr\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen \u00f6vme veya yerme iste\u011fidir, kendi alg\u0131lay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 dayatma iste\u011fidir.
(7) Renk ve \u00e7izgi kavgas\u0131 antik \u00e7a\u011fdan bug\u00fcne sanat merakl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lmeye devam eden eski bir kavgad\u0131r. Baudelaire, sanat\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn eserin b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmde de\u011fil, eserin o g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesine yol a\u00e7an \u015feyde yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stererek, sorunu ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczleme ta\u015f\u0131yor.
(**) Bireyselcilik konusunda, bkz. Salon\u00a0de\u00a01845<\/em>‘te William Haussoulier hakk\u0131ndaki makale. Bu konuda bana y\u00f6neltilen t\u00fcm su\u00e7lamalara kar\u015f\u0131n, duygumda \u0131srar ediyorum – ama tabii \u00f6nce makaleyi anlamak gerek.
(8) Bu c\u00fcmle, Histoire\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0peinture\u00a0Italie<\/em>‘nin CLVI. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Charles Baudelaire, Modern Hayat\u0131n Ressam\u0131, \u00e7ev. Ali Berktay, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2014 [1846, 1863], 8. bas\u0131m, s. 93-5.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ele\u015ftiri metinlerine ge\u00e7mi\u015ften do\u011fru bir ek. “ Ne i\u015fe yarar? Ele\u015ftirmeni, daha ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcme ad\u0131m atmak istedi\u011fi anda ensesinden yakalay\u0131veren kocaman ve korkun\u00e7 bir soru i\u015fareti. Sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ele\u015ftiriye kin duymas\u0131n\u0131n ilk gerek\u00e7esi, ele\u015ftirinin burjuvaya hi\u00e7bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretememesidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc burjuvan\u0131n ne resim yapmaya, ne de uyak ko\u015fmaya niyeti vard\u0131r; sanat\u00e7\u0131 ele\u015ftiriyi sanata da bir \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretememekle … Continue reading Baudelaire, Ele\u015ftiri Ne \u0130\u015fe Yarar?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,31,406],"tags":[61,555],"class_list":["post-2503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alinti","category-deneme","category-elestiri-2","tag-charles-baudelaire","tag-modern-hayatin-ressami"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9WYIs-En","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":1876,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2018\/07\/09\/coetzee-karakteri-tanitmak-iii-bikkin-akademisyen\/","url_meta":{"origin":2503,"position":0},"title":"Coetzee, Karakteri Tan\u0131tmak (III) [B\u0131kk\u0131n Akademisyen]","author":"yalpertem","date":"9 July 2018","format":false,"excerpt":"Art arda okurken, Auster'in roman a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m m\u00fcthi\u015f karakter tan\u0131tma pasajlar\u0131 b\u00f6ylesi bir depolama yapma fikri uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 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Kitab\u0131 okuduktan sonra ele\u015ftirilerine bakarken,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "deneme"","block_context":{"text":"deneme","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/deneme\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/ben_buradan_okuyorum-tim_parks-min-201x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":252,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2017\/09\/03\/baudelaire-kalabaliga-karismak-uzerine\/","url_meta":{"origin":2503,"position":4},"title":"Baudelaire, Kalabal\u0131\u011fa Kar\u0131\u015fmak \u00dczerine","author":"yalpertem","date":"3 September 2017","format":false,"excerpt":"\"\u00c7okluk denizinde yunmak herkese vergi de\u011fildir; bir sanatt\u0131r kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak; be\u015fi\u011finde bir periden k\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve maske zevkini, ev kinini ve yolculuk tutkusunu alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi, yaln\u0131z o ki\u015fi, insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131rt\u0131ndan bir canl\u0131l\u0131k sarho\u015flu\u011funa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr bunu. Kalabal\u0131k, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k: etkin ve verimli ozan\u0131n birbirileriyle kolayca de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fi e\u015fit deyimler. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kalabal\u0131kla\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "al\u0131nt\u0131"","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/paris-s%C4%B1k%C4%B1nt%C4%B1s%C4%B1-charles-baudelaire-182x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":3379,"url":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/2020\/04\/15\/kundera-ironi-uzerine\/","url_meta":{"origin":2503,"position":5},"title":"Kundera, Roman ve \u0130roni","author":"yalpertem","date":"15 April 2020","format":false,"excerpt":"Kundera ironiyi roman t\u00fcr\u00fcne i\u00e7kin bir \u00f6zellik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. \u0130roniden bahsederken onu bir s\u00f6z sanat\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, genel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak an\u0131yor genelde. Her ne kadar ironi dese de, bahsetti\u011fi yakla\u015f\u0131m benim kafamda keskin h\u00e2liyle bir ironidense mu\u011flak bir ironi gibi \u00e7\u0131nl\u0131yor. S\u00f6ylemek istedi\u011fini o kadar kolay a\u00e7\u0131k etmeyen tevriye'de\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "al\u0131nt\u0131"","block_context":{"text":"al\u0131nt\u0131","link":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/category\/alinti\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/milan-kundera-roman-sanat%C4%B1-193x300.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2503"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5631,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2503\/revisions\/5631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yalpertem.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}